A Case Study of Sexual Abuse
Placing Blame
Müller repeatedly refused to take any responsibility. “The culprit bears the responsibility for the offense. I am not responsible for everything that out clerics and coworkers do,”38“Die Veranwortung für eine Straftat trägt der Täter. Ich bin nicht verantwortlich für alles, was unsere Geistlichen und Mitarbeiter tun” (“Regensburger Bischof wascht seine Hande in Unschuld,” Der Spiegel, September 21, 2007). he said. Though he expressed sympathy for the victims, Müller maintained that he did not make a mistake, and in fact did what Jesus would have done: “If Jesus forgave even the worst sinners, how could one deny the pastor a second chance?”39“Wenn Jesus auch den schlimmsten Sündern verziehen hat, wir konnte man dem Pfarrer da eine zweite Chance versagen” (“Regensburger Bischof wascht seine Hande in Unschuld,” Der Spiegel, September 21, 2007). Müller, like many American bishops, confused forgiveness with restoration to a position of trust.
Müller did not like being criticized, and also said, “We will not let us be slandered and if that doesn’t stop, we will also take a legal action.”40“Wir lassen uns nicht verleumden und wenn das nich aufhört, werden wir rechtlich dagegen vorgehen.” (Karl Birkensee, “Bischof sieht sich als Ziel einer Kampagne,” Passauer Neue Presse, September 10, 2007). (Müller previously asked Catholics not to take intra-Church disputes into the secular courts.41“Er vor nicht allzu langer Zeit selbst ein Dekret erlassen hatte, in dem er den Katholiken seines Bistums untersagte, bei kircheninternen Streitigkeiten weltliche Gerichte anzurufen” (Rudolf Neumaier, “Pädophiler Pffarer – ein Geheimnis des Ordinariats,” Süddeutsche Zeitung, September 11, 2007). ) He maintained that he could not control his priests: “I have the spiritual authority, but I cannot control everyone,”42“Ich habe die geistliche Autorität, aber kann nicht alles kontrollieren” (Birgit Fürst, “Riekhofen? Wo liegt das?” Deutsche Radio, October 15, 2007). he said. A parishioner of Riekhofen, however, familiar with the way Müller treated those who disagreed with him, said, “We have seen in past years that Müller can control things.”43Christopher Wenzel, “Sexueller Missbrauch: Regensburger Bischof in Kreuzfeuer,” Die Welt, September 15, 2007.
Müller insisted that he “had not made a mistake. Müller ruled out any apology for the appointment of the pedophile-priest without the knowledge of the faithful in Riekhofen.”44“Der Regensburger Bischof Gerhard Ludwig Müller hat mehrfach erklärt, dass die Bistumsleitung keinen Fehler gemacht habe. Eine Entschuldigung dafür, dass der pädophile Priester ohne Wissen der Gläubingen in Riekhofen eingesetzt wird, lehnt Müller ab” (“Bistum Regensburg widerspricht: Richterin warnte nicht vor Pfarrer-Einsatz,” Mittelbayerische Zeitung, October 1, 2007). Though the German bishops’ guidelines said that no convicted abuser would work with children, Müller maintained his actions did not violate the guidelines because the convicted abuser had been pronounced healed by his therapist. The guidelines, the diocese said, did not absolve the diocese from making its own decisions–which it would continue to do.45Muller maintained that “the guidelines did not absolve the diocese from the responsibility of making its own decisions. They would rely in the future on reports in assessing dangers,” “Die Leitlinien würden die Diözesan nicht von der Verantwortung entbinden, eigene Entscheidigung zu treffen. Bei der Beurteilung von Gefährdungen werde man auch in Zukunft auf Gutachten verlassen müssen” (Karl Birkenseer, “Bischof sieht sich als Ziel einer Kampagne,” Passauer Neue Presse, September 9, 2007). Müller claimed that he was the victim of a campaign to discredit him, and that he did not need “any lectures from people who have nothing at all to do with pastoral care.”46“Belehrungen von Leuten, die in der Pastorale gar nichts zu tun haben” (“Bischof Müller: Brauche keine Belehrungen,” Bayerische Rundfunk, October 26, 2007).
The bishop of Fulda, Heinz Joseph Algermissen, said that an offender can be given a second chance, but with such an offense, the new beginning must be somewhere there are no children.47Martin Gehlen, “Bischöfe diskutieren Missbrauchsfall,” Tagespeigel, September 24, 2007. Bishop Müller countered, “There is no space free of children and youth. Even in a home for the elderly, children visit their grandmother, and in a prison, one can encounter the children of the employees.” 48“Es gibt keine kinder- und jugendfreie Räume. Auch in Altersheim besuchen die Enkel ihre Oma und in Gefängnis kann man den Kindern der Angestellten begegnen,” (Missbrauchsfall überschattet Bischofskonferenz,” netzeitung.de, September 24, 2007).At a conference of the German bishops in Fulda, the bishops emphasized the “binding character”49Daniel Deckers, “Ein grausames Experiment,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, October 1, 2007. (Verbindlichkeit) of the guidelines. Cardinal Lehmann insisted that when someone is “guilty, in no way can he be employed in the normal care of souls.”50“Wenn jemand ‘schuldig geworden ist, darf er auf gar keinen Fall in der normalen Seelsorge beschäftigt werden’” (Christian Gressner, “Missbrauch durch Pfarrer: Hohe Kirchenpolitik und tiefer Schmerz,” Der Stern, September 28, 2007). But Lehmann “ruled out an intervention of the bishops’ conference in the current case. The bishop’s conference in this situation has no legal authority.”51“Ein Eingreifen der Bischofskonferenz in den aktuellen Fall lehnte Lehmann aber ab. Die Bischofskonferenz habe hierzu keine rechtliche Befugnis” (“Bischöfe: Fall in Riekofen hat Vertrauen zerstört,” Bayerische Rundfunk, September 28, 2007).
The Aftermath
In Bavaria, all political parties condemned the diocese’s conduct. Kramer was employed by the state to teach religion in the school at Schönach, where he recruited his altar servers. The church did not inform the school of his conviction.52“Kirchen sollen Staat über Vorstrafen informieren,” Die Welt, November 29, 2007.
Today, police continue their questioning of children in the village to find out whether there are more victims. Kramer was initially in police custody and on suicide watch.53“Jörg Klotzek, “Missbrauchsfälle: Pfarrer K. sitzt und schweigt,” Passauer Neue Presse, October 22, 2007. He was then transferred to a psychiatric institution. On March 13, 2008 he was tried on charges that between the beginning of August 2004 and August 2006 he abused a boy (who was about ten or eleven when the abuse began) twenty-two times. Kramer pleaded guilty so that, he explained, his victim would not have to face the trauma of testifying about the abuse in open court. The maximum sentence was fifteen years in prison. The judge sentenced Kramer to three years in prison and to a closed psychiatric facility following the prison term, because Kramer, experts testified, had diminished responsibility.
The diocese had not told the complete truth in September 2007, to say the least. Diocesan officials claimed that they thought that Kramer as only helping out by saying mass in Riekofen, and this was with the permission of his therapist (overlooking the fact that interacting with the children who served mass was in violation of Kramer’s probation). But Kramer’s diocesan personnel file contained newspaper clippings about his activities with children of the parish, including his overnight trips with them.54“Er [Kramer] unternahm zahlreiche Ministratenausflüge…. In der Pfarrgemeinde wurde darüber Buch geführt, später fand die Polizei über die Minstratenreisen etwa nach Rom, München und an die Nordsee, Zeitungsausschnitte in der Personalakte, die das Ordinariat über K[ramer] führte” (Rolf Thym and Rudolf Neumaier, “Ein Priester als Gefahr für die Allgemeinheit” Süddeutsche Zeitung, March 13, 2008). The diocese’s claim that it did not know that Kramer was interacting with children during his probation was belied by the diocese’s own file. The judge was not happy, and pointed out that putting Kramer in the parish was “as if a bank hired as a cashier a man who had been previously punished for dishonesty.”55Christian Gressner, “Drei Jahre Haft und Psychiatrie für Pfarrer,” Der Stern, March 14, 2008. The diocese led Kramer into temptation.
Dr. Ottermann during the trial severely criticized the therapist who pronounced Kramer cured. Ottermann in his original report had come up with the correct diagnosis, that Kramer suffered from “Kernpädophilie.” Kramer’s therapist did not ask to see this report, and instead decided that Kramer had regressed once and was in no danger of regressing again. Having made a false diagnosis, the therapist was going in the wrong direction with his therapy (which was only two hours a month). “When someone has a headache, I can’t treat him for athlete’s foot,” was Ottermann’s analogy.56Christian Gressner, “Drei Jahre Haft und Psychiatrie für Pfarrer,” Der Stern, March 14, 2008.
The father of the boys whom Kramer abused in Viechtach is divorced and wanders the Way of St. James in Spain, railing about the priest who abused his sons. No one takes him seriously.57“Jörg Klotzek, “Kaplan missbraucht Buben – and wird Pfarrer,” Passauer Neue Presse, July 26, 2007. Joanna Treimer has raised three children alone. One son, now twenty-one, has difficulties with relationships.
The abused boy in Riekofen stays home from shame and suffers sleep disorders. The family is hesitant to pursue a lawsuit against the diocese, because the boy would have to testify and would be retraumatised. The boy, his family, and the parish are waiting for an apology from Bishop Müller. None has been forthcoming.
Müller still refuses to listen to criticism, because “the only superior of a bishop is the pope,” and “from that quarter I have heard no criticism.”58“…denn der einzige Vorgesetzte eines Bischofs sei der Pabst. ‘Und von dieser Seite habe ich noch keine Kritik gehört’” (“Bischof Müller: Brauche keine Belehrungen,” Bayerische Rundfunk, October 26, 2007). In December 2007, Pope Benedict XVI sent Bishop Müller congratulations on his sixtieth birthday, having just appointed him to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith59“Pabst Benedict lobt Bischof Gerhard Ludwig Müller,” kath.net, December 29, 2007. which, among other duties, oversees the trials of clerics accused of sexual abuse.
Negligence
The case is important because it occurred after German bishops read the news from the United States and saw what happened when bishops reassigned abusers who were diagnosed as “cured.”
Negligence is clear on all sides, among officials of both the church and the state:
The judge in the trial failed:
The therapist failed:
Bishop Manfred Müller, Bishop Gerhard Müller, and the diocesan officials
Pope Benedict failed:
Footnotes _____________________ 38 “Die Veranwortung für eine Straftat trägt
der Täter. Ich bin nicht verantwortlich für alles, was unsere Geistlichen und Mitarbeiter
tun” (“Regensburger Bischof wascht seine Hande in Unschuld,” Der Spiegel,
September 21, 2007). 44 “Der Regensburger Bischof Gerhard Ludwig
Müller hat mehrfach erklärt, dass die Bistumsleitung keinen Fehler gemacht habe. Eine
Entschuldigung dafür, dass der pädophile Priester ohne Wissen der Gläubingen in Riekhofen
eingesetzt wird, lehnt Müller ab” (“Bistum Regensburg widerspricht: Richterin warnte
nicht vor Pfarrer-Einsatz,” Mittelbayerische Zeitung, October 1, 2007). 48 “Es gibt keine kinder- und jugendfreie
Räume. Auch in Altersheim besuchen die Enkel ihre Oma und in Gefängnis kann man den
Kindern der Angestellten begegnen,” (Missbrauchsfall überschattet Bischofskonferenz,” netzeitung.de,
September 24, 2007). 51 “Ein Eingreifen der Bischofskonferenz in
den aktuellen Fall lehnte Lehmann aber ab. Die Bischofskonferenz habe hierzu keine
rechtliche Befugnis” (“Bischöfe: Fall in Riekofen hat Vertrauen zerstört,” Bayerische
Rundfunk, September 28, 2007). 53 Jörg Klotzek, “Missbrauchsfälle: Pfarrer
K. sitzt und schweigt,” Passauer Neue Presse, October 22, 2007. 58 “…denn der einzige Vorgesetzte eines Bischofs sei der Pabst. ‘Und von dieser Seite habe ich noch keine Kritik gehört’” (“Bischof Müller: Brauche keine Belehrungen,” Bayerische Rundfunk, October 26, 2007). 59 “Pabst Benedict lobt Bischof Gerhard Ludwig Müller,” kath.net, December 29, 2007.
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